Gheychak The Gheychak is string-bow instruments and are very similar to the fiddle, except its bowel is looks like a Tar has a shorter handle, but the way it is placed and played like a fiddle is vertical and the bow is horizontally moves on the strings. The length of the instrument is about 56 cm and includes a bowl, handle and claws. Ghaz, Ghazak, or Ghijak is another name given to Gheychak in Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. In general, Gheychak can be compared to the violin in terms of functionality and power of performing different songs. History: Gheychak is a Turkish word and means singing with tears from the bottom of the throat. The history of Gheychak goes back to Sassanid periods. Explaining the history of the fiddle, Professor Ruhollah Khaleghi points out that in pre-Islamic Iran, the so-called ghazak or ghaj was common at that peroid. He mentions that he himself saw this instrument in Baluchistan in the cities of Davarpanah and Iranshahr, which was called Gheychak. Therefore, Gheychak is similar to a fiddle whose bow consists of several strands of hair and the number of strings is more than the fiddle. According to him, this instrument was different from the original which had only two strings. Even according to Land, it is possible that the instrument has not been played with a bow in the past. Farabi did not mention Gheychak in his book, but he mentions Robab, which is similar to Gheychak and is played without a bow. Of course, the structure of Rabab and Gheychak is very different today. Instrumentology: Ghaychak is one of string-bow instruments and wood, leather and metal are used in its construction. This instrument is specific to the music of the regions of Iran, and today, with a few changes in the instrumentation of the national instrument, it has also become popular, which is known as the urban Ghaychak. The player hold the instrument vertically with the left hand and move the bow on the strings back and forth with the right hand. In terms of playing, it is similar to playing the cello violin, and even in the larger version, which is known as the Bam Ghaychak, the cello violin bow is used. This instrument is most popular in the southeastern regions of Iran, such as Sistan and Baluchestan and Hormozgan. According to the local tradition and belief, this type of instruments is used to treat diseases. The Baluchs also call Ghaychak a Sorrood or Sorooz, and the musician expresses his inner sorrow with a sad state. The musician of Ghaychak is also called a Sorood. In Afghanistan, it is also played at weddings and celebrations. Ghaychak structure: Reverberation bowl: The body of the Ghaychak is made of walnut, mulberry or other solid wood. The bowl has a resonant, bulky and two large hallow on the sides, which divide the bowl into 2 parts, larger and smaller. The smaller part is located in the lower part of the instrument and the skin is stretched on its opening and the vault is placed on the skin part. The mouth of the larger part is open and the handle continues up to half of this part. Skin: Deer or sheep skin is commonly used in instruction of Ghaychak. earphones: The Ghaychak have 4 earphones that are in the form of wide head nails, located 2 to 2 on the sides of the head of the claw. The number is equal to the number of instrument strings that each wire inside the claws’ box connects to the narrower end of the earphone. The wide part of the earphone is outside the claws’ box, and the musician turns left and right with the left hand to tune the instrument. Pallet: A low, thin piece of wood placed between the claws and the handle, the wire passes through its shallow grooves and goes to the earpieces. Handle: The handle with the body is one piece and therefore is made of the same wood as the body. The handle of this instrument is short and is attached to the larger part of the bowl on one side and to the claw’s box on the other. Qayhak has no ftres and all the intervals of national music (curtain, half curtain, quarter curtain) can be performed on it. Claw: it is a small, hollow boxes made of wood. At the beginning of the handle length, there are a total of four earphones (the number of wires) on either side, and at the end of it, the crown of the Ghaychak is bent backwards.

vault: vault is about 2 cm high and is made of wood or bone. The vault is placed on the skin of the smaller bowl by two small pedestals, and the strings pass through it. Tailpiece: A small piece of wood or metal that is installed at the end of the body of the Ghaychak bowl and the knot of the string is attached to it.

Number and type of strings: The Ghaychak have 4 metal string, the fourth one is thicker and has a cover. The length of the strings from tailpiece to pallet is about 33 cm. bow: In the local version of this instrument, an arch was used, but today the violin bow is used, and in the larger type (Ghaychak bass), the cello violin bow is used. Width: The range of the normal sound of a two-octave, but due to the lack of frets all the intervals of Iranian music, such as the curtain, the half curtain, and the quarter curtain, it can be performed in this instrument. tuning: The tuneing is lowered by a fifth, and the strings of the third and fourth strings can be changed for different Maghams. Note Key: The notation key in the normal and the alto Ghaychak is with the cell key and for the Bass Ghaychak with the Fa key is in the fourth line. Types of Ghaychak: Ghaychak was basically one of the local instruments that was brought to the city in the years before the revolution and with the support of the then Ministry of Culture and Arts, and not only completed its building and tuning, but also reduced it to three different sizes. The Suprano is 5.56 cm long, the Alto (63 cm), and the Bass Ghaychak are relatively larger. All of the above are four-string. Alto Ghaychak: The Alto Ghaychak is tunes with the fifth distance and its area is about two octaves. The length of the string is about 37 cm and a total of 63 cm Bass Ghaychak: the tune is fixed with the fifth distance and its area is about two octaves. The length of the string is 70 cm and it is used to match the extruder. Suprano Ghaychak: It has the ability to play solo and harmonize, unlike the Bass and Alto Ghaychak, which are used only for harmonization. The length of the string is about 37 cm. musicians: Mohammad Baloch known as Aliouk Hossein Farhadpour Rahmatullah Badiei Ardeshir Kamkar Parvin Taleh Parvin Shakalour builders Hossein Ghalami Famous Safarzadeh