Tombak Instrument: Tombak is a percussion instrument with leather. It is sometimes pronounced as tonbak and dumbak, the correct pronunciation of which is tonbak. The word tambak consists of two parts, tome, meaning big blow, and Back, meaning weak blows on the sides of the skin of instrument. The tambak is made of walnut, maple or berry wood and is in the form of a cohesive piece that is larger in the trunk and narrower in the base or trunk. The total length of the tambak from the stitch opening to the larger section is about 44 cm. the player begins to play the instrument horizontally, with the larger opening part facing outwards and the nephir section on the thigh. In Iranian music, tonbak is native to Lorestan and Kurdistan and has no resemblance to other countries in terms of playing and appearance, and therefore known as a specific instrument of Iranian music. The tempo, which is a percussion instrument and is used in the Persian Gulf, is somewhat similar to the tonbak in terms of playing horizontally on the player's feet. This instrument is also used in Arab countries, but the way it is played is different from tonbak in general. Also, the Afghans' Zirbaghali, which is made of baked clay, can be the closest instrument to tonbak. History: Tombak has existed in Iran since the Sassanids. As mentioned in Sassanid poems and Parthian heroic legends, the word Tombak is explicitly mentioned. In the book of Iranian music from the ancient period and the Achaemenid era, in the Pahlavi text of Khosrow, the son of Ghobad and Gholam, the Dombak instrument is mentioned. It is said that in the civilization of Ilam, a similar instrument was played. However, there are speculations about the presence of Tombak in ancient times. In the book "Mesopotamian Music" by Francis Gaplin, it is written that during the first and second millennia BC, a Tombak-like instrument was made in the Sumerian and Central Asian regions, a brass drum called a lilis. There is a small type called Lilisu. Lilisu is similar to the Arabic Darkobe, which is made of wood and mud, and its image is well illustrated in Babylonian tablets. Similar instruments of the Tombak have been found in Neolithic and Bronze Age civilizations in parts of Central Europe. The Saghari drum is also found in the Czech Republic from 2800 BC. Although drums and some percussion instruments, such as the daf and dahlia, have a history of several thousand years, tambak making is relatively new. In the paintings of the Chehelston mansion belonging to the Safavid period, traces of it can be found. structure of Tombak: Tombak consists of two main parts and a cylindrical shape; The upper part, which is placed in front when playing, is about 25 to 30 cm in diameter. The Tombak Orchestra is 32 cm on the outside and 27 cm on the inside and 45 cm long. The upper part is covered with skin and it ends to the narrow cylindrical section that expand slightly at the end and form a small mouthpiece. Large opening: The diameter of the large opening in the orchestra type is 32 cm from the outside and 27 cm from the inside. Its wall thickness is 2.5 cm, which reaches about 2 mm after thinning the edge. In normal types, the diameter of the large opening is 22 cm from the outside and 18 cm from the inside. The opening should be in a complete circle so that the sound is the same in all parts of the side. Body: It is a large part of Tombak, which is about 28 cm in the Tombak Orchestra type and 18 cm in ordinary types. The body is somewhat convex, creating ivory to prevent slipping of the Tombak while playing. Sometimes the musician makes a special sound by pulling nails or rings on these grooves if there are no embroidery or decorations on the groove and body. Snore: The narrower part of the tambak or so-called throat, which is located between the body and the small opening. Its length is about 26 cm and its outer diameter is about 18 cm. It is shaped in such a way that it is cylindrical on the outside and horn on the inside, and the smaller opening of the horn is attached to the body. Small opening: along with the snore there is small opening, which is the place where the sound coming out of the vibration of the skin by the player's hand beats. The diameter of the opening is 22 cm in Tombak Orchestra and 18 cm in ordinary Tombak. Skin: Ordinary Tombak, which is used for solo playing, is thinner due to its small size, but Tombak Orchestra uses thick, old and processed skin of goats, ewes, calves, camels and sheep. They are glued to the outer edge of the large opening so that its diameter is the same in all areas. Tombak playing: The player puts the tambourine horizontally on his thigh while playing, and start playing with the left hand, which is placed on the top and the right hand, which puts the right part of the Tombak. The musician beats the soft part, and all his hands in the central part, between the drums. Since fingers are the only instrument for playing, the musician is able to apply a variety of details on it. Tombak is called a solo instrument. But the role of its accompaniment is not only to accompany the song or instrument and to provide the beat of the music, but also on the initiative of Hossein Tehrani and his colleagues, an orchestra called Tombak Nawaz has formed an orchestra that performs several pieces. Due to the fact that the age of learning this instrument is from childhood there is variety of sizes with different weights on the market. Note writing: Tombak's note is on a three-line carrier. The center area of ​​the skin is marked on the first line, the middle area on the second line, and the side area on the third line. Due to its ability to perform various bass and sub-sounds, as well as the use of body wood, various types of ornamental letters, microphones, trailers and Glissando can be performed in different qualities. Zurkhaneh Tombak: The shape of the Zurkhaneh Tombak is slightly different and in the upper part it is in the shape of a cup and the lower part of the tail is also conical. The height of the instrument is 45 cm and the diameter of the skin opening is 48 cm. musicians: Hossein Tehrani Amir Nasser inaugurated Bahman Rajabi Navid Afgha Mohammad Ismaili Jahangir Malek Nasser Farhangfar Merciful kings Jamshid Mohebbi Dariush Zargari Navid Afgha Homayoun Shajarian Pejman Haddadi Mohsen Kathir al-Safar Hamid Ghanbari Farbod Yadollahi And from ancient times, we can mention Abolhassan Saba (teacher of Hossein Tehrani), Massoud Khan and Abdullah Davami.

builders: Fereydoun Helmi